test

条件测试常用语法

文件类型判断

选项	解释
-e	FILE exists
-d	FILE exists and is a directory
-f	FILE exists and is a regular file
-b	FILE exists and is block special
-c	FILE exists and is character special
-S	FILE exists and is a socket
-p	FILE exists and is a named pipe
-h	FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L)
-L	FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -h)
-s	FILE exists and has a size greater than zero

[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 8
-rw-------. 1 root root 2819 Apr 25 18:38 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Downloads
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Music
-rw-------. 1 root root 2099 Apr 25 18:37 original-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Public
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Templates
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Videos
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# test -d Desktop && echo yes || echo no
yes
[root@localhost ~]# test -e Desktop && echo yes || echo no
yes
[root@localhost ~]# test -f Desktop && echo yes || echo no
no
[root@localhost ~]# test -f anaconda-ks.cfg && echo yes || echo no
yes

文件权限判断

选项	解释
-r	FILE exists and read permission is granted
-w	FILE exists and write permission is granted
-x	FILE exists and execute (or search) permission is granted
-u	FILE exists and its set-user-ID bit is set
-g	FILE exists and is set-group-ID
-k	FILE exists and has its sticky bit set

两个文件之间的比较

选项	解释
-nt	FILE1 -nt FILE2 FILE1 is newer (modification date) than FILE2 文件1是否比文件2新
-ot	FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 is older than FILE2 文件1是否比文件2旧
-ef	FILE1 -ef FILE2 FILE1 and FILE2 have the same device and inode numbers 文件1与文件2是否为同一个文件

[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 8
-rw-------. 1 root root 2819 Apr 25 18:38 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Downloads
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Music
-rw-------. 1 root root 2099 Apr 25 18:37 original-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Public
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Templates
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Videos
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# test anaconda-ks.cfg -nt original-ks.cfg 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# test anaconda-ks.cfg -ot original-ks.cfg 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# echo $?
1
[root@localhost ~]# test anaconda-ks.cfg -ef original-ks.cfg 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# echo $?
1

两个整数之间的比较

选项	解释
-eq	INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 , INTEGER1 is equal to INTEGER2
-nq	INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 , INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2
-gt	INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 , INTEGER1 is greater than INTEGER2
-lt	INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 , INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2
-ge	INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 , INTEGER1 is greater than or equal to INTEGER2
-le	INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 , INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2

字符串的判断

选项	解释
-z	-z STRING , the length of STRING is zero
-n	-n STRING , the length of STRING is nonzero
= 或 ==	STRING1 = STRING2 , the strings are equal = 和 == 一样
!=	STRING1 != STRING2 , the strings are not equal

[root@localhost ~]# test -z "" && echo yes || echo no
yes
[root@localhost ~]# test -z " " && echo yes || echo no
no
[root@localhost ~]# test -n "" && echo yes || echo no
no
[root@localhost ~]# test -n " " && echo yes || echo no
yes
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# test "hello" = "world"
[root@localhost ~]# echo $?
1
[root@localhost ~]# test "hello" = "hello"
[root@localhost ~]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# test "hello" != "world"
[root@localhost ~]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost ~]# test "hello" != "hello"
[root@localhost ~]# echo $?
1

表达式的判断

选项	解释
-a	EXPRESSION1 -a EXPRESSION2 both EXPRESSION1 and EXPRESSION2 are true
-o	EXPRESSION1 -o EXPRESSION2 either EXPRESSION1 or EXPRESSION2 is true
!	! EXPRESSION EXPRESSION is false 取反

[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 8
-rw-------. 1 root root 2819 Apr 25 18:38 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Downloads
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Music
-rw-------. 1 root root 2099 Apr 25 18:37 original-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Public
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Templates
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Apr 27 16:20 Videos
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# test -r Desktop/ -a -x Desktop/
[root@localhost ~]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# test -r anaconda-ks.cfg -a -x anaconda-ks.cfg 
[root@localhost ~]# echo $?
1
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# test -x Desktop -o -x anaconda-ks.cfg 
[root@localhost ~]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# test -x original-ks.cfg -o -x anaconda-ks.cfg 
[root@localhost ~]# echo $?
1
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# test ! -x anaconda-ks.cfg && echo yes || echo no
yes